Adult onset thyroiditis, also known as subacute thyroiditis or de Quervain's thyroiditis, is a type of thyroid inflammation that typically occurs in middle-aged women. The exact cause of this condition is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a viral or bacterial infection.


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The immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and damage to the gland. This leads to a release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, which can cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, and weight loss. As the inflammation resolves, the thyroid gland may become damaged and unable to produce enough thyroid hormone, resulting in hypothyroidism.


Risk factors for adult onset thyroiditis include recent viral or bacterial infections, a family history of autoimmune disorders, and being female. The condition may also be associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.


Diagnosis of adult onset thyroiditis is typically made through blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid antibodies, as well as imaging studies to evaluate the size and structure of the thyroid gland. Treatment may involve medication to manage symptoms, such as beta-blockers to control rapid heart rate, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy if hypothyroidism develops. The condition usually resolves on its own within a few months to a year.